Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

The drawbacks of all the existing security techniques have led to a newer technique called 3D Password. The 3D Password authentication technique can accommodate those previous authentication techniques (Textual password, graphical password, biometric password and so on) which make it difficult for hackers to crack because of the inclusion of a 3D virtual environment and its virtual objects. Mapping techniques have evolved over the years with the aid of the computer system, satellite and Global Positioning System (GPS) each location on a map is geo-referenced. This paper proposed a combination of 3D Password security authentication with 3D Interactive Maps for better and more enhanced security, hence allowing the user to select the area he is much familiar with and making it more difficult for hackers to break. Also, a 3D interactive map is an existing technology and a virtual environment, service, commonly used by end-users all around the world. With this, it will make 3D password security authentication more secured and better user-friendly as against developing a specific virtual environment for a user to select a virtual object which he might be seeing for the very first time. This can lead to a user forgetting an object that was chosen in the first place when he is to login at another time interval which could be days, weeks, months or years.

The term "computed tomography" (CT) is often used to refer to X-ray CT, because it is the most commonly known form. But, many other types of CT exist, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This study was carried out in the north central part of Nigeria which includes Abuja and Keffi (Nasarawa State). This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for chest was assessed during the period (January – July, 2016) of seven months at the three study centres (A, B and C in which two are located in Abuja and the other one (C) located in Keffi. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 10.9 mGy and 432.8 mCy*cm. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 30mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 650mGy/cm. Therefore, there is no any clinical implication and hence CT dose optimization is recommended.

Cyber-loafing is a growing organizational vice with resource and productivity consequences.  Given its observed rise in public service in Nigeria; this study examined the organizational identification and proactive work behaviour as predictors of cyber-loafing among public sector employees in Anambra State. The study participants were 403 employees drawn from Anambra State civil service, Nigeria. The participants were 131 males and 272 females with a mean age of 39 years and standard deviation of 4.20. Cluster sampling was used to select participants Ministries whereas accidental sampling was utilized to select the participants from their respective ministries. Organizational identification scale, Proactive work behavior scale and Cyber-loafing questionnaire were instruments of data collection. Anchored on social exchange theory, the study utilized correlation design and hierarchical regression analysis as design and statistical tool for data analysis. The result indicated that positive and significant correlation was recorded between organizational identification and proactive work behaviour at r(1, 403) = .43*, p < .05; while  negative and significant correlation was recorded between organizational identification and cyber-loafing at r(1, 403) = -.37*, p < .05.  Also, negative and significant correlation was recorded between proactive work behaviour and cyber-loafing at r(1, 403) = -.56*, p < .05. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that both organizational identification and proactive work behaviour negatively and significantly predicted cyber-loafing at α = -.39*, p < .05 (n = 403) and α = -.48*, p < .05 (n = 403) respectively among civil servants in Anambra State. Organizations are adviced to improve on their social exchange among employees to engender for greater organizational identification and pro-activity to reduce cyber-loafing behaviours.

Private sector is so challenging and demanding owing to market competitions and unfavorable work environment which frustrate employees’ efforts. Against this backdrop, this study explored the association of innovative work behavior, organizational frustration and work-family conflict among employees of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Ltd Emene, Enugu, Nigeria. The sample population of the study comprised 112 private sector workers (89 males and 23 females) with age range from 23-56 years with a mean age of 32.5 who were selected through simple random sampling. Instruments for data collection were: Innovative work behaviour scale, organizational frustration scale and work-family conflict scale. In the method session, Correlation design was adopted and Pearson chi-square statistic was used to analyze the association among variables. Three hypotheses guided the inquiry and the result indicated that:  innovative work behaviour was significantly associated with organizational frustration and work-family conflict at 1446.4, p < .05 and 1761.6 p < .05 (n = 112) respectively; while organizational frustration was also significantly associated with work-family conflict at 1799.2,  p < .05 (n = 112). The finding imply that innovative work behaviour can influence a reduced level of organizational frustration and work-family conflict while organizational frustration can influence an increased level of work-family conflict among private sector employees. It is recommended that private sector organizations encourage the growth of innovative trait among workers and implement same in their recruitment policy to engender reduced levels of organizational frustration and work-family conflict.

A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at Centre for Agriculture and Pastoral Research (CAPAR) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inter-row spacing on Leave length and Leave width of Rhodes grass as indices of growth. A factorial combination of five fertilizer levels (0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kgNha^-1) and three inter row spacing (30, 50 and 70 cm) were used, making fifteen treatments combinations, which were laid out in a RCBD replicated four times. Determination of leave length and leave width was done at 3, 6, 9 and 12WAS using a meter rule. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the GenStat 64-bit Release 17.1 (software) to elucidate the valid information from the data. The result revealed that, application of 160 KgNha^-1 generally produced plants with longer and broader (P<0.05) leaves compared to the rest of the treatments, however there was generally significant (P>0.05) effect of inter row spacing in both 2016, 2017 and the years combined, inter-row spacing of 70 cm showed superiority amongst the treatments in the leaves length and leave width parameters investigated as compared to 50 and 30 cm spacings.