Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

AI-Driven Digital Twin Framework for Sustainable Fisheries Management and Intelligent Aquatic Water Resource Monitoring

Vanessa Grant — 2026-10-22

Digital twins are increasingly proposed as a means of linking aquatic observations, predictive models and management decisions. Their relevance to sustainability nevertheless depends on more than the speed or accuracy of an artificial intelligence model. This critical narrative review examines the evidence connecting digital-twin architectures with capture fisheries, aquaculture and freshwater and coastal water-quality monitoring. Literature published through 30 July 2026 was selected through targeted scholarly searches, citation tracing and bibliographic verification, with particular attention to observation quality, independent validation, operational feedback and management outcomes. The synthesis distinguishes a digital model, a continuously updated digital representation and a decision-linked twin, and separates component performance from demonstrated ecological benefit. Evidence supports advances in image-based monitoring, satellite retrievals, hybrid environmental prediction and selected field deployments. It is substantially less conclusive regarding sustained stock recovery, equitable allocation or ecosystem-scale benefits attributable to a complete digital-twin system. Important limitations include imperfect observability, inappropriate spatial and temporal validation, uncertain transfer between environments, simulator-dependent policy optimisation and incomplete treatment of human behaviour. Apparent disagreement between promising technical demonstrations and limited management evidence largely reflects different endpoints and system boundaries rather than a simple conflict over technological feasibility. A federated, decision-centred framework is proposed in which traceable observations support uncertainty-aware state estimation, explicit management objectives, constrained decision support and independently audited outcomes. The framework includes staged deployment, human authorisation, local data governance and lifecycle assessment; it is an unvalidated synthesis rather than an implemented system. Near-term priorities are prospective forecasting benchmarks, comparative management trials, failure-tolerant monitoring and participatory evaluation in data-limited fisheries. Digital twins are most defensible as accountable extensions of existing environmental observation and adaptive management, not as substitutes for ecological understanding, enforceable institutions or legitimate collective decisions.

Improving English Oral Reading Fluency in Class II through Phonemic Awareness Instruction: An Action Research Study in a Bhutanese School

Namkha Wangdi — 2026-10-15

This classroom-based action research investigated changes in English oral reading fluency, word-decoding accuracy and reading confidence following phonemic awareness instruction among Class II learners in a Bhutanese primary school. An intact class of 16 students, comprising five boys and eleven girls, participated in a five-week intervention. Daily instructional activities combined Systematic Synthetic Phonics, with an emphasis on phoneme blending and segmentation, with Echo Reading, Paired Reading and Choral Reading. A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data were obtained from pre- and post-intervention assessments using the DIBELS 8th Edition Oral Reading Fluency measures of words correct per minute and reading accuracy. Qualitative data were drawn from weekly teacher observation checklists and field notes. The proportion of students meeting the reading-accuracy benchmark of at least 92% increased from 43.8% to 50.0%, while the proportion classified as At Risk for accuracy decreased from 43.8% to 25.0%. The proportion meeting the reading-rate benchmark of at least 49 words correct per minute increased from 37.5% to 43.8%. Classroom observations indicated greater willingness to participate, reduced reliance on guessing unfamiliar words and increasing independence in applying blending strategies. More proficient readers also supported their peers during group activities. These findings suggest modest improvements in measured reading outcomes alongside positive changes in classroom reading behaviours, although further practice may be needed to develop reading automaticity.

Comparative Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Myofascial Release in Students of Career Point University Kota with Scapulocostal Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shireen Jahan — 2026-10-15

Background: Scapulocostal syndrome (SCS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterised by pain and discomfort around the scapular region, often associated with postural dysfunction, prolonged sitting, and imbalance involving the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior muscles. Although Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Myofascial Release (MFR) are both widely used, comparative evidence regarding their relative effectiveness remains limited.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of MET and MFR in reducing pain intensity and functional disability among collegiate adults with scapulocostal syndrome.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial enrolled 38 collegiate adults (18-30 years) diagnosed with SCS, who were randomly allocated to Group A (MFR, n = 19) or Group B (MET, n = 19). Both interventions targeted the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior four days per week for four weeks. Pain intensity and functional disability were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI), respectively, at baseline and after the intervention. Within- and between-group differences were analysed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, with Cohen's d used to quantify effect size.

Results: Both groups showed significant within-group reductions in NDI and VAS scores (all p < 0.01). NDI improved by 45.7% in the MFR group and 46.0% in the MET group, with no significant between-group difference (p = 0.359). VAS improved by 52.3% in the MFR group and 54.8% in the MET group, with a significant between-group difference favouring MET (p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 1.04); however, the MET group had significantly higher baseline pain scores, a factor that may have contributed to this difference.

Conclusion: Both MET and MFR are effective in improving functional disability in collegiate adults with scapulocostal syndrome, with comparable benefits. MET demonstrated significantly greater pain reduction and may be preferred when analgesia is the primary clinical objective, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously given the baseline imbalance in pain scores between groups.

Ecological Studies of Ped Lake (Tal. Tasgaon, Dist. Sangli. Maharashtra. India - 416 312) with Respect to Hydrobiology, Livelyhood and Carbon Footprints

B. J. Harugade — 2026-10-16

This study examined the hydrobiological characteristics of Ped Lake in Tasgaon tehsil, Sangli district, Maharashtra, alongside surrounding soil properties, vegetation patterns and standing-tree carbon estimates. The field investigation was conducted during 2024–2025. Water samples were collected from six sites, while soil properties were assessed at five sites. Multispectral Landsat 8 OLI imagery was processed using ArcGIS 10.5 to investigate spatial vegetation patterns through the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Water pH ranged from 8.14 to 8.80, electrical conductivity from 0.39 to 0.42 dS/m, total dissolved solids from 255 to 266 mg/l, dissolved oxygen from 5.3 to 5.9 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand from 3.8 to 4.9 mg/l. Carbonates were absent from the water samples, whereas bicarbonate concentrations ranged from 201.6 to 220.8 mg/l. Soil pH varied from 7.15 to 7.58, with differences among sites in organic matter and nutrient-related measurements. NDVI values of approximately −0.05 characterised the lake surface, while values of 0.40–0.52 occurred in vegetated areas to the south and south-east. Measurements of standing trees were used to estimate biomass-derived carbon for the recorded species. These findings establish a descriptive, site-specific baseline for assessing water and soil conditions, surrounding vegetation and standing-tree carbon in the Ped Lake area, and for subsequent monitoring and management assessments.

Hydrogeochemical Controls on Groundwater Quality in Agricultural Communities of Benue State, Nigeria

Oluyara Emmanuel — 2026-10-22

Groundwater is an important source of domestic water supply in agricultural communities, but its chemistry may reflect both natural geochemical processes and land-use inputs. This study evaluated hydrogeochemical characteristics and controls on groundwater quality in four agricultural communities of Benue State, Nigeria. Thirty-two groundwater samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters, major ions and selected potentially toxic metals using standard analytical procedures. Community-level summaries, Piper and Gibbs graphical analysis, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify dominant hydrochemical patterns. Community mean pH ranged from 6.23 to 6.91, electrical conductivity from 241 to 527 µS/cm and total dissolved solids from 154 to 336 mg/L. Calcium and bicarbonate were the dominant major ions, while community-mean nitrate concentrations ranged from 9.6 to 29.8 mg/L and were highest in Community C. The community-mean major-ion compositions plotted within a Ca–Mg–HCO₃-dominated field. Strong correlations among EC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ supported a substantial mineralisation component, whereas associations of NO₃⁻ with K⁺ and Cl⁻ were consistent with an additional land-use influence. PCA identified four components accounting for 78.46% of total variance. The evidence supports water–rock interaction as the principal hydrochemical background, with superimposed anthropogenic signals. Community C showed the greatest chemical enrichment and warrants priority in future monitoring.