An Appraisal of Borehole Water Quality Index in Selected Areas within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports,
Page 44-51
DOI:
10.9734/ajarr/2021/v15i1030432
Abstract
Borehole water is one of the major sources of potable water in most developing countries of the world. Therefore, it becomes imperative to evaluate the continuing portability of these sources of water to the populace. The present study was undertaken to appraise the water quality of selected boreholes in Owerri Metropolis using the water quality index (WQI) method. Samples were collected from five different locations under stringent protocols. The water samples were analyzed for selected physicochemical properties and compared with WHO permissible limits and American Public Health Association. Results showed that the assayed parameters were within WHO permissible limits except Turbidity in Locations 2, 3 and 4. Water quality index ranged from 24.91 to 70.06. This study revealed that the investigated borehole waters are mostly portable and can be consumed. Nonetheless, the sources identified to be of poor quality should be treated before consumption.
Keywords:
- Water
- quality
- Owerri
- WHO.
How to Cite
Nzenwa, P. O., Igwe, C. E., Edward, U. C., Obasi, C. C., & Okwodu, N. E. (2021). An Appraisal of Borehole Water Quality Index in Selected Areas within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 15(10), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2021/v15i1030432
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World Health Organization. Exposure to cadmium: A major public health concern. Preventing disease through healthy environments [Internet]. 2010;3-6.
Available: Http://Www.Who. Int/ Ipcs/ Features/ Cadmium. Pdf
Mor SM, Griffiths JK. Water-Related Diseases in The Developing World. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2011;741-53
Mathew BB, Krishnamurthy NB. Water: Its Constituents and Treatment Methods Water: Its Constituents & Treatment Methods;2017.
Rajagopal R, Wichman M, Brands E. Water: Drinking. International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, The Earth, Environment and Technology. 2017;1-13.
Iwuala CC, Amadi AN, Udujih OG, Udujih HI. A study on sources, availability and accessibility of potable water in Imo State, Nigeria. 2020;7(1):1-8.
Effectiveness of Water Quality Index in Assessing Water Resources Characteristics in Izombe, Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. 2013;3(1):31-5.
Aderemi AO, Falade TC. Environmental and health concerns associated with the open dumping of municipal solid waste: A Lagos, Nigeria Experience. American Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2012;2(6):160-165.
Ogunrinola IO, Adepegba EO. Health and Economic Implications of Waste Dumpsites in Cities: The Case of Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2012;4(4):239-251.
Obeta MC, Ochege FU. Effects of Waste Dumps On Stream Water Quality in Rural Areas of Southern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2014;8(2):82-88.
Ogbeibu AE, Chukwurah NA, Oboh IP. Effects of an Open Waste Dump-Site On Groundwater Quality in Ekurede-Urhobo, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Tropical Freshwater Biology. 2012;21(2): 81-98.
Omofonmwan SI, Eseigbe JO. Effects of Solid Waste on the Quality of Underground Water in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology. 2009;26(2):99-105.
Akudo EO, Ozulu GU, Osogbue LC. Quality Assessment of Groundwater in Selected Waste Dumpsites Areas in Warri, Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal. 2010;4(4):281-285.
Abdus-Salam N, Ibrahim MS, Fatoyinbo FT. Dumpsites in Lokoja, Nigeria: A Silent Pollution Zone for Under-Ground water. Waste Management and Bioresource Technology. 2011;21-30.
Saidu M. Effect of Refuse Dumps on Groundwater Quality. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011;2(6):595-599.
Afolayan OS, Ogundele FO. Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Closed and Operational Landfills on Groundwater Quality in Solous, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources. 2012;1(3):52-58.
Butt I, Ghaffar A. Ground Water Quality Assessment Near Mehmoodboti Landfill, Lahore, Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 2012;1(2):13-24.
Abba MU, Abubakar MS, Bwade EK. Water Quality Assessment of Hand Dug-Wells and Treatment with (Moringa Oleifera) Powder in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology, Basic and Applied Sciences. 2016;3(1):9–20.
Abbasnia A, Yousefi N, Mahvi AH, Nabizadeh R, Radfard M, Yousefi M, Alimohammadi M. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Index and Its Suitability for Assessing Water for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: Case Study of Sistan and Baluchistan Province (Iran). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2019;25(4):988– 1005.
Available:Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458596
Brown RM, Mcclelland NI, Deininger RA, O’Connor MF. Water Quality Index-Crashing, The Psychological Barrier, Proc. 6th Annual Conference, Advances in Water Pollution Research. 1972;787-794.
Chatterjee PR, Raziuddin M. Studies on the Water Quality of a Water Body at Asansol. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ©, 2007;6(2):289–292.
Adebayo AA. Soil and Vegetation”, In: Adebayo, A. A (Ed). Mubi Region: A Geographical Synthesis. A Division of Paraclete and Sons, Yola-Nigeria. 2004;38-43.
Ahmad AB. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Index for Drinking Purpose from Some Villages Around Darbandikhan District, Kurdistan Region -Iraq. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014;7(9):34–41.
Available:Https://Doi.Org/10.9790/2380-07913441
Alaya M Ben, Saidi S, Zemni T, Zargouni F. Suitability Assessment of Deep Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Use in the Djeffara Aquifers (Northern Gabes, South-Eastern Tunisia). Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014;71 (8):3387–3421.
Available:Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12665-013-2729-9
Alexander P. Evaluation of Ground Water Quality of Mubi Town in Adamawa State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;7(11):1712–1715. Available:https://Doi.Org/10.5897/Ajb08.227
APHA, AWWA, & WEF. Standard Methods for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. (R. B. Baird, Andrew D. Eaton, & Eugene W. Rice, Eds.), American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation;2017.
Chaurasia AK, Pandey HK, Tiwari SK, Prakash R, Pandey P, Ram A. Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index (WQI) In Parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal Geological Society of India, 2018;92:76–82. Available:Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12594-018-0955-1
Colombo AF, Karney BW. Energy and Costs of Leaky Pipes: Toward Comprehensive Picture. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2002;128:441–450.
Colombo AF, Karney BW, Asce M. Energy and Costs of Leaky Pipes: Toward Comprehensive Picture Energy and Costs of Leaky Pipes: Toward Comprehensive Picture. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2014; 9496:303–306.
Available:https://Doi.Org/10.1061/ (ASCE) 0733-949 6(2002)128
Cotruvo J, Bartram JE. Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking-Water - Public Health Significance. Geneva, World Health Organization;2009.
Available:Http://Apps.Who.Int/Iris/Bitstream/Handle/10665/43836/9789241563550_Eng.Pdf;Jsessionid=D351abbe791c3a84aaf8c2bd7dd12c2d?Sequence=1
D’Alessandro W, Bellomo S, Parello F, Bonfanti P, Brusca L, Longo M, Maugeri R. Nitrate, Sulphate and Chloride Contents in Public Drinking Water Supplies in Sicily, Italy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2012;184.
Available:Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10661-011-2155-Y
David K E, Senu J, Fianko JR, Nyarko BK, Adokoh CK, Boamponsem L. Groundwater Quality Assessment: A Physicochemical Properties of Drinking Water in Rural Setting of Developing Countirs. Canadian Journal on Scientific and Industrial Research. 2011;2(4):171–180.
Ibrahim A. Sukamari, Bitrus Kwaji, Jacob Alheri, Ichi-Osa Elvis Abia. Application of Water Quality Index to Assess the Portability of Some Domestic Water Supply Sources in Mubi North, Nigeria International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2020;9(8):848-860.
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